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Lots of other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area requires expansion. You can help by including to it. In order to help with the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or respected people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has obtained some credibility as a religious beliefs in many countries, Scientology has actually also been described as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the governmental shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial business, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and useful source groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by a company not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive strategies in addressing those it views as attempting to suppress them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was this article targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and find more its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.